12 Kinds of Concrete Additives Used in Refractory Castable, Plastic and Ramming Materials(1)

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In terms of international pricing benchmarks, according to the CP data released by Saudi Aramco, the propane contract price (CP) in March was $895 / ton, up $120 / ton from the previous month, up 15.48% from the previous month and up 43.20% from the same period last year. Butane contract price (CP) in March was 920 US dollars/ton, up 145 US dollars/ton compared with last month, up 18.71% month-on-month, up 54.62% compared with the same period last year; In March, CP in Saudi Arabia rose sharply, giving a strong boost to the international and domestic LPG market. Benchmark LPG prices are higher than a year ago as the economy continues to recover and demand for crude oil continues to repair. According to this trend, the market price of pce powder will also be affected to a certain extent.

The properties and varieties of concrete additives for refractories, especially refractory castables, ramming materials, plastics and other amorphous refractories are different. The role of an concrete additive is also different due to the difference of the amount of concrete additive, the type of binder used, the ingredients and so on. In the production process of amorphous refractories, the concrete additives mainly used can be divided into the following twelve categories according to their uses:

1. Water reducer

Water reducer (or water reducing agent or dispersant) can significantly reduce the mixing water consumption of refractory castables while keeping the flow value of refractory castables basically unchanged. The superplasticizer itself does not react with the material components to form new compounds, but plays a surface physical and chemical role. So they are either a surfactant or an electrolyte. After dissolving in water, they can adsorb on the particle surface, increase the Zeta potential of the particle surface in the solution, increase the repulsive force between the particles, and release the free water wrapped in the agglutination structure composed of microparticles, thus playing the role of wetting and dispersing, so it is also called dispersant. Because it can release the free water in the agglomeration structure, it can reduce the unit water consumption under the condition of keeping the rheological property (workability) of the castable, or increase the rheological property of the material and improve the working performance without changing the unit water consumption. make the material easy to be constructed and shaped.

Among the commonly used water reducers (dispersants) of refractory castables with calcium aluminate cement, bonded clay and oxide micro-powder as binders, there are inorganic sodium pyrophosphate, sodium tripolyphosphate, sodium tetrapolyphosphate, sodium hexametaphosphate, sodium superpolyphosphate, sodium silicate, etc., and organic ones include sodium lignosulfonate, calcium lignosulfonate, naphthalene superplasticizer, water-soluble resin superplasticizer and so on.

2. Plasticizer

Plasticizer (also known as plasticizer) can increase the plasticity of refractory mixture and improve the strain ability of refractory mixture under stress. Plasticizer is a common concrete additive of refractory plastics and refractory ramming materials, and it is also used in other amorphous refractories. Commonly used are plastic clay, bentonite, oxide superfine powder, soybean powder, methyl cellulose, lignosulfonate and so on.

3. Gelling agent

Gelling agents (also known as flocculants) can coagulate colloidal particles (or suspended particles) in colloidal solutions (or suspensions containing solid particles). The gelling agents are mainly inorganic electrolytes and inorganic acids. Flocculants are mainly organic polymers, which are natural and synthetic. According to the functional groups, they can be divided into three types: cationic, anionic and Nonionic. The gelling agent is mainly used in refractory castables which are bonded by clay, sol and ultra-fine powder.

4. Gelatinizing agent

Antigels (also known as anti-flocculants, dispersants) can convert agglomerated or agglomerated colloidal particles (particles) into sol or uniformly dispersed suspended particles. It can turn a thick colloid into a sol that can flow freely, also known as dispersant and colloidal solvent. The action mechanism of gelatinizer is similar to that of superplasticizer. Therefore, the superplasticizer which has the effect of reducing water also has the function of degumming agent. The fluidity of refractory castables bonded with clay, sol and ultra-fine powder can be improved by adding ungumming agent.

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Commodities such as crude oil, wheat, cotton, and nickel have rallied since Russia's "special military operations" began in late February. On the last trading day of this quarter, commodities were on track for their biggest gain since 1990. For this reason, it is expected that the price of the pce powder will continue to increase.

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